Electrical driving means



5.1. P. coLARDEAu. ELECTRICAL DRIVING MEANS.' APPLIC^T|0N-FILED OCT. 27. 1917- 1,41 6,6 1 1. Patented May 16, 1922.

2 SHEETS-SHEET I.

MQGLQW y 'yW//l E. I.. P. COLARDE/IU. ELECTRICAL DRIVING MEANS. APPLICATION man ocT.21. 1911.

1,416,61 1. Patented May 16', 1922,.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

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UNITED STATES PATENT oFFlcs.

EMMANUEL LOUIS PAUL GOLARDEU, OF PARIS, FRANCE, ASSIGNOR T0 HENRY CROCHAT, OI. EARIS, FRANCE.

ELECTRICAL :DRIVING MEANS.

Specification of Letters Yatent. Pateutd luay 16, 1922.

Application filed October 27, 1917. Serial No. 198,836.

To all whom it may concern Be it known lthat ll, EMMANUEL Leurs PAUL GoLAnDnAU, citizen oit the French Republic,` residing at Paris, France, have invented certain new and useful 4Improvements in Electrical DrivingMeana ot which4 the 'following is a specification. y

The inventionA relates to improvements i the driving, by electricity, oi several shafts which are adapted to rotateA at diierent speeds ol thelzind described is specification No. 115,479 liled by Henry Grochat on the 17th August, 1916, and more particularly to driving gear tor motor vehicles o'l the kind in which an endless chain passes over the wheels mounted atoue and the saine side ot the vehicle and in which the steering can `only be effected by differing the speed ot rotation of one set ot driving wheels.

The invention has for its object to enable driving gears to be `designed so as to be of greater eiicacy, whilst `not`requiring such great precision as hitherto in the construction oit the windings of the motor which they comprise.

The invention further relates to those driving gears which use as many series motors as there are shaft to be driven, the armature of each el the said motors being keyed to the i shaft to be driven by it, and, mounted n parallel. i

The invention comprises a driving gear of `of the kind hereinbe'lore referred to, in which the field magnet winding of themetors are divide-d into two elements, the lirst ol: which are connected in series, and .the second in parallel, thus avoiding the necessity iol proportioning precisely the field windings. f A

.Apart 'from this `nain arrzuigenient, it coinprises eert-ain other arrangements which will Y be more' explicitly referred to hereina armature a of a series motor, and on the axle et the lett han-d driving wheel the armature Z) oi' a series motor of identical construction. v

The armatures a and b of these two moyters are connected in parallel with the genwhichas shown in Figure l, the two motors f have the tendency to rotate at the same speed, land the vehicle will travel. in `a straight line.

For turning, it is necessary to make the motor corresponding to the driving wheel which is on the inside of the curve, rotate at a lower speed than thatof the motor correspending to the driving wheel which is on the outside et the curve ln order to obtain the result in question f the connections are niodilied in the following manners which are indicated in the order ol their ellicaey lllhen a turn of large radius is to be made, the means which produces a relatively small differential `speed between the two motors, is used g and when a shorter turn is to be made, the means which produces a greater dillerential speed between the two motors, is used, :tor example:

By shunting the part et the field magnet winding of the motor which must rotate at a greater speed, for instance when it is desired to turn to the. left, the licld magnet winding a2 of the motor ot thefright liand driving wheel is shunted which shunting may if necessary be regulatedby means ot a resistance L20 (Figure 2).

By inserting a resistance l into the armature circuit ot the motor which must rotate at a lower speed, this resistance producing a reduction oli the torque yofthe said motor when it is desired to turn to the left, for instance, asshown in Figure 3, by inserting into the circuit of the armature D or the rnotor of the left hand driving wheel, a resistanee CZ which it necessary is adjustable. The ell'ect thus obtained can be rendered maximum by making the said resistance infinite, that is to say, and as shown in Figure ./l, by breaking or opening the supply circuit ot the armature so that the torque is reduced to zero.

By not only opening the supply circuit ot the arinature ot the inotor which it desired to rotate at the lowest speed but also simultaneously shuntingj such armature and ele- Inent L2 (Figure 5) the field magnet winding, ot this saine niotor, its braking is obtained, which is use'tul when it desired to turn to the lett. This switclriiinr et the circuits is shown in Figure 5, the circuit olf the. armature Z) ot the inotor ot the lett hand drive is open and the shunting; o'lf the said armature Z9 and the field magnet winding 252 is ei'fected through wire visible to the lett of said motor Z) in Figure By opening the armature supply circuit o'l that inotor which must rotate at a lower speed, the active torque ol. this inotor is reduced to zero, and by siinnltznieously .ihuntinfr the armature oit such .motor alone, a braking etleet will be produced on such inotor, the intensity ot which braking ellect can, it necessary,be varied by means oit an adjustable i sistance inserted in the arinature supply circuit et the said motor. he connections and switching necessary to obtain these results are shown in Figure 6, in which it is supposed that the lett hand inotor is to run slower than the other to inalre a turn of the vehicle to the le'li't.

The supply circuit ot the armature o of the left hand motor driving,- the lett hand vehicle wheel-system is opened by the switch shown, and the said armature is shunted by ineans et a resistance c" which, it necessary, is adjusted in such a way that it is capable ot becoming Zero, thus obtaining the niaxirnuin of braking effect.

When, on the contrary, it is desired to eX- ereise not an unequal but an equal braking action on the two driving wheels, a bra hing;-l action is obtained hy working,r the two inotors as generators, and the generator' c as a inotor. rlhe said lgenerator then drives in its turn the explosion engine, the ignition ot which has been cut oil, andv which `works in that ease as an air conipressor.

ln order to arrive at such a result, it is only necessary, as shown in F igure 7, to reverse the brushes ol" the two motors fr and o, (so that a denianjnetizincV ellect, which would occur in the inagnetiuinpj windingsI when, during` the action ot the niotors as `generators, the current reversed in the armature without reversing` the polari-ty oit the brushes, is avoided). ln order to 'li'acilitate the equality et the l'nalingr effects. it is `useful to connect together those terminals ot the saine polarity olf the two armatures which are in contact with the parallel-connected niagnetining elements a?, and b2 by a balance wire f, so as to balance the braking' actions ot the two inotors u, and Z), and finally it is also necessary to reverse the series iieldniagnet Winding c1 oli the `generator c inorder that it may :tunction as a inotor without changing its direction of rotation.

rlhe braking,` strength et the action can then be easily regulated, either by shunting thel field magnet winding el ot the l jjcnerator c by means oit an adjustable rc, stance e which :it necessary can beconie zero, or by actingv on the resisting torque ol the eXplosion engine connected with the generator .new workinpv as a motor by varying the adinission of gas, or the tiniinp` of the ignition et the explosion engine. ln the latter cases, the action oi' the explosion engine though reduced assists the dynamo c to turn the saine when it is working as a motor, the braking action being thus reduced.

For the purpose oit nialrinn' the. various connections by means' ot which lturning` on diii'erent radii can be effected one of the combinations being used at a tii'uo, and the use of the n'iost etlective combination producing` a turn of the sl'iortest radius, a series et switches are so arranged opposite 'anis inounted on a single shai't that, 'tor one position ot the cani shaft, the connections are obtained which correspond to those shown in Figure l. Ey turning the cam sha'lt in. one direction, the switches are successively op erated for obtaining` the different connec tions shown in Figures lt ttor turning in one direction and by turning' the cam shaft in the opposite direction, the switches are successively operated to obtain the `various correspending connections i'or turning in the other direction.

For instance, (Figure S), the two switches g and g open or close respectively the supply circuit ot the Correspending,r armature o or b. (One ot these switches isV seen open iu Figures 1t, 5 and (S.) The two switches 7i@ and 7th open or close respectively the circuit shuntino' the corresponding' element ,f/, 722, ot the held magnet wi'ndii'ipjs. (This eoinbh nation is shown in Figure 2.) The switch am" opens or closes the circuit ot 'the resistance (l. (This combination is shown in Fig'N ure rl`he two switches j and j" open or close respectively the circuit shuntine1 sinuiltancoiisly the armature (i and the field magnet wiiu'lingr fr? or the circuit :Yahuntii'ig the armature Y) and the field magnet windinp; 722. The two switches Zi and 1 open or close resi'iectirely the circuit shuntinif by rneans ot the resistance c or c" the correspending,r armature o. or o. The two witches l and Z open or close respectively the circuit shunting;v the correspondiug;` resistance c or c, thus reducing' its ell'ert to .zero and obtaining' the maximum uni-late al l'nakinec eiiect. The proper position oit the cams in order to produce successively the coinbinations speciiied, not shown as it easily understandable t'roin 'the switfl'hing diagrams of the ditl'erentijgures.

The simultaneous braking of the twosid'es of the vehicle, as well as the consequent influence exerted on the resisting torque of the explosion motor (through successively cutting down the supply of gases thereto and retarding beyond normal, the timin g of the ignition or cutting it totally out) can be eventually controlled by special levers or a combined cam-lever analogous to that which controls the turning of the vehicle and may comprise a series of cams m, mounted on a single shaft n by means of one series of cams fm mounted on a single shaft fa.

Gbviously the invention comprises many modifications, particularly those in which electrical driving gear is so arranged either to render it possible to make simultaneously certain connections which have been provided, only made separately, or so as to render it possible to make only a part of the connections indicated. It is also possible to use, for instance a controller as now used on tramways for making connections.

I claim as my inventionl. A method of electrically steering a vehicle of the type comprising two motors in conjunction with an engine driven generator, said motors being adapted to drive shafts individual thereto, differences in the speeds of the two motors operating to turn the vehicle, said driving gear embodying two motors, the field winding of each of which is divided into a first and a second cumulative element, the first element of the field winding of one motor being connected in series with the first field winding element of the other motor, such series connection beginning with one pole of the engine driven generator and ending with a branching point, the second field winding element of each of the two motors being connected between said branching point androne of' the brushes of the respective motors, which method comprises producing, in the following sequence, connections resulting in differences of speed, to different degrees, in the two halves of the system in order to execute different radii of turns of the vehicle :-hrst, reducing the strength of the magnetizing current in the second field winding element of each motor which is to run at a higher speed, by shunting said .field winding element through an adjustable resistance which, when operated, gradually diminishes the current received by the said second field winding element, second, inserting an adjustable resistance into the supply circuit of the armature oi each motor which is to run at a lower speed, third, breaking the supplycircuitof each of the motors which is to run idle, fourth, breaking the said supply circuit and shunting that element of the circuit of each motor which is to be braked in order to cause the vehicle to turn more sharply, which supply circuit is formed by the armature and the corresponding secondfield winding element of' the respective motor, and fifth, increasing the braking action by breaking the supply circuit and shunting, by means of an adjustable resistance capabley of becoming Zero, the armature of each motor on which a particularlyv strong braking effect isito be produced,

when still. sharper turning is to be eXecuted by the vehicle.

2. An electric driving gear for vehicles of the type comprising two motors in conjunction with anv engine-driven generator, said motors being adapted to drive shafts indi* vidual thereto, differences in the speeds of the two motors operating to turn the vehicle, said driving gear embodying two motors, the field winding of each of which is divided into first and a second cumulative element, the first element oi'f the field winding of one motor being connected in series with the first field winding element of the other motor, such series connection beginning with one pole of the engine-driven generator and ending with a branching point, the second eld winding element of each of the two motors being connected between said branching point and one of the brushes of the respective motors, in combination with means for shunting the second field winding element of' either one of' the motors, means for inserting a variable resistance into the armature supply circuit of either of the motors, means for interrupting the armature supply circuit of either of the motors, means for interrupting the armature supply circuit of either of the motors and `simultaneously shunting a circuit part comprising the armature and the second field winding element of the corresponding motor, and means for interrupting the armature circuit of one of the motors and shunting such armature circuit. l

5. An electric driving gear for vehicles of the type comprising two motors in conjunction with an engine-driven generator, said motors being adapted to drive shafts individual thereto, differences in the speeds thereof effecting the turning of the vehicle, said driving gear embodying two motors, the field winding magnet of each of' which is divided into a `first and a second cumulative element, the first element of the field winding of one motor being connectedin series with the first field winding element of the other motor, such series connection beginning with one pole ol' the engine-driven generator and ending with a branching point, the second field winding elements of the two motors being connected between said branching point and one of the brushes 'of the respective motors, in combination with means including a shaft having cams thereon and cooperating switches and resistances operative to shunt the second field winding element of either of the motors by a re- Sintzlnee zuhipted to he glfuthmflly redimed,

te insert into the supply circuit ot the :lrnlztture oi either oit the tivo motors another resistance adapted to he gradually increased; to interrupt the armature supply circuit of either of the motors and simultaneously shunt i Circuit part Comprising the armature and the second tield Winding element of the Corresponding motor, and to interrupt the armature eireuit of either of the motors und shunt its armature ril-eu it.

In testimony whereof l have hereunto Set .my hand in presence of two subscribing witnesses.

EMMANUEL LOUIS PAUL COLARDEAU.

Witnesses r CI-ms. P. PRESSLY, EUGENE TULLIER. 

